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II 有变化
所谓有变化，就是指考生在写作中，一个词最好只出现一次，第二次或后几次出现时用其他的词来替换。替换的方法有同义词，语法结构的变化，以及下义词等方法。下面新东方托福考试网将为考生们一一讲解。
1. 同义词
关于老年人的话题在新托福考试中曾经出现过，情况对“老年人”的多样表达：
the elderly, the old, the aged, ageing population, the retired, senior citizens
下面是新托福材料中，摘抄的两段话，非常形象的体现了一个词的多样表达，先看第一段，请大家注意“奇怪的”这个词在这一段话中的使用：
Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creatures, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?
又如，在下文中，四个词形式不同，但都是“显著的”意思。
In 1900, the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents---New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experiencedremarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy. The population of Los Angeles(114000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles.
为了做到用词有变化，新东方托福考试网为大家列举了托福写作中最常用的一些词的同义表达：
同意v: accede to, agree with/on, approve of, consent to, subscribe to, side with
认为v: consider, deem, figure, reckon, believe, think, say, hold, claim, assume, argue, maintain, contend, assert, state, declare
影响n: impact, influence, effect, implication, affection
因素n: factor, contributor, ingredient, element
促进v: enhance, improve, promote, boost， advance, further
培养v: cultivate, foster, develop, nurture
重要的adj: important, critical, crucial, major, essential, vital, main, pivotal
明显的adj: manifest, apparent, evident, obvious
大量的adj: myriads of, a host of, a multitude of, a great deal of, a vast number of(+cn) , a vast amount of (+un), a plenty of, a wide range of, a great variety of
2. 语法结构的变化
语法的变化指的是，将一个词从语法结构上做一个变化来体现多样性，常见的有词性变化，从句和分词的转变等等。请看下面的例子：
energy consumption = energy which is consumed = energy consumed
the production of ozone-damaging gases
= the amount of gases which are produced to damage the ozone layer
3. 下义词
所谓下义关系，亦称种属关系，就是指几个单词的词义属于另一个词的词义范畴。充分利用下义关系是强化单词记忆的好方法，这在复习阶段尤其如此。
1). Color
其下义词有：white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, orange等;
2). Subject
的下义词有：maths, physics, chemistry, politics, Chinese, biology等;
3). profession
其下义词有：doctor, teacher, accountant, president, lawyer等;
4). means of transportation
其下义词有：car, bus, subway, bicycle, ship等。
以上介绍的三种方法对考生的同意转换能力提供参考。
III 具体表达
中国学生对词汇的运用或观点的表达都喜欢用笼统的概括的表达方法，然而这和新托福的用词要求是不吻合的。外国人在表示任何一个对象的时候都是非常具体的。
1). 笼统：This room is good.
具体：The room is clean, spacious and well-decorated.
第一句很空洞，说完后不会给人留下任何印象，是一句废话，然而第二句胜在具体，能够将房间具体好在哪些方面反映出来，这也是托福写作所要求的具体表达。
2). 笼统： It is said that a magnificent building was destroyed yesterday.
具体： The local news says that the University Inn was burnt down last night.
第一句的笼统在两个词，一是magnificent, 二是was destroyed, 如果将这个楼和被破坏的具体方式体现出来，会更生动形象。
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