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I. 形容词
1.形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置
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1 |
修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时 |
nobody absent, everything possible |
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2 |
以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 |
the best book available, the only solution possible |
|
3 |
alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定语时后置 |
the only person awake |
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4 |
和空间、时间、单位连用时 |
a bridge 50 meters long |
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5 |
成对的形容词可以后置 |
a huge room simple and beautiful |
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6 |
形容词短语一般后置 |
a man difficult to get on with |
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7 |
enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修饰形容词或副词时要后置 |
______to take his adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.(NMET2000) A.Brave enough students B.Enough breave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave |
注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序
熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。
规则：限定语(The、A)+ 描绘性形容词 + size(小)+ shape(形状)+ age(年龄、时间)+ color(颜色)+ origin(国籍、来源)+ material(材料)+ purpose(目的)+ 名词。
▲This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin. (05北京卷)
A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish
2.复合形容词的构成
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1 |
形容词+名词+ed |
kind-hearted |
6 |
名词+形容词 |
world-famous |
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2 |
形容词+形容词 |
dark-blue |
7 |
名词+现在分词 |
peace-loving |
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3 |
形容词+现在分词 |
ordinary-looking |
8 |
名词+过去分词 |
snow-covered |
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4 |
副词+现在分词 |
hard-working |
9 |
数词+名词+ed |
three-egged |
|
5 |
副词+过去分词 |
newly-built |
10 |
数词+名词 |
twenty-year |
3.形容词(短语)作伴随状语
As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 当他看着山羊的时候，山羊翻了个身，死了。
Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困难，他们宁愿走好走的路。
II.副词的分类：
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1 |
时间副词 |
soon, now, early, finally, once, recently |
5 |
频度副词 |
always, often, frequently, seldom, never |
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2 |
地点副词 |
here, nearby, outside, upwards, above |
6 |
疑问副词 |
how, where, when, why |
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3 |
方式副词 |
hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really |
7 |
连接副词 |
how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile |
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4 |
程度副词 |
almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather |
8 |
关系副词 |
when, where, why |
III. 形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。
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项 目 |
例 句 |
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同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as… |
She is as tall as her mother. I am not as/ so good a player as you are. |
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双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 （+ than）” 的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方阴藏起来的情况。 |
This picture is more beautiful than that one. I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one). |
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表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示 |
This room is less beautiful than that one. |
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表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型 |
The harder you work, the more progress you will make |
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用比较级来表达最高级的意思 |
I have never spent a more worrying day. 我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。 （意为：我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。） |
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倍数的表达 |
表达法一：A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one. 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。 表达法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。 表达法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours. 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。 用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double. |
注意：1. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal;
2. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect，superior,junior等。
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